ʻO ka ikehu i hoʻohana ʻia i ka hana alumini electrolytic honua e pili ana i ka endowment waiwai o kēlā me kēia wahi.I waena o lākou, ʻo ka lanahu a me ka hydropower ka 85% o ka ikehu i hoʻohana ʻia.I ka hana alumini electrolytic honua, ʻo nā mea kanu alumini electrolytic ma Asia, Oceania a me ʻApelika e hilinaʻi nui nei i ka hana mana wela, a ʻo nā mea kanu alumini electrolytic ma ʻEulopa a me ʻAmelika Hema e hilinaʻi nui nei i ka hydropower.ʻO nā wahi ʻē aʻe e hilinaʻi ana i kā lākou ʻano waiwai, a ʻokoʻa ka ikehu i hoʻohana ʻia e nā mea kanu alumini electrolytic.No ka laʻana, hoʻohana ʻo Iceland i ka ikehu geothermal, hoʻohana ʻo Farani i ka mana nuklea, a hoʻohana ka Middle East i ke kinoea kūlohelohe e hana i ka uila.
Wahi a ka ʻike o ka mea kākau, i ka makahiki 2019, ʻo ka hana honua o ka alumini electrolytic he 64.33 miliona tons, a ʻo ka hoʻokuʻu kalapona he 1.052 billion tons.Mai 2005 a 2019, ua hoʻonui ʻia ka nui o ka carbon carbon emissions o ka alumini electrolytic mai 555 miliona tons a i 1.052 billion tons, kahi piʻi o 89.55%, a me kahi ulu ulu ulu o 4.36%.
1. ʻO ka hopena o ka "carbon double" ma kaʻoihana alumini
Wahi a nā manaʻo, mai 2019 a 2020, ʻo ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka uila uila o ka alumini electrolytic e ʻoi aku ma mua o 6% o ka hoʻohana uila aupuni.Wahi a ka ʻikepili Baichuan Information, i ka makahiki 2019, 86% o ka hana alumini electrolytic home e hoʻohana i ka mana wela e like mealumini extruded, Kapili extrusion aluminia laila .Wahi a ka ʻikepili Antaike, i ka makahiki 2019, ʻo ka huina o ka carbon dioxide o ka ʻenehana alumini electrolytic ma kahi o 412 miliona tons, e helu ana ma kahi o 4% o ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana o ka carbon dioxide o 10 biliona tons i kēlā makahiki.ʻOi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana o ka alumini electrolytic ma mua o nā metala ʻē aʻe a me nā mea ʻole.
ʻO ka mana wela hoʻolako ponoʻī ke kumu nui e alakaʻi ai i ka hoʻokuʻu kalapona kiʻekiʻe o ka alumini electrolytic.Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka loulou mana o ka hana alumini electrolytic i ka hana mana wela a me ka hana hydropower.ʻO ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka mana wela no ka hana ʻana i 1 tona o ka alumini electrolytic e hoʻopuka ana ma kahi o 11.2 tons kalapona, a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka hydropower e hana ai i 1 tone o ka alumini electrolytic e hoʻokuʻu ʻaneʻi ʻaʻohe kalapona kalapona.
Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ke ʻano hoʻohana uila o ka hana alumini electrolytic i koʻu ʻāina i ka uila hoʻolako ponoʻī a me ka uila uila.I ka hopena o 2019, ʻo ka hapa o ka uila i hāʻawi ʻia iā ʻoe iho i nā mea kanu alumini electrolytic home ma kahi o 65%, ʻo ia mau mea he mana wela;ʻO ka hapa o ka mana grid ma kahi o 35%, ʻo ia ka mana o ka mana wela ma kahi o 21% a ʻo ka mana o ka mana maʻemaʻe ma kahi o 14%.
Wahi a ka helu ʻana a Antaike, ma lalo o ke kāʻei o ka "14th Five-Year Plan" ka mālama ʻana i ka ikehu a me ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana i ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana, ʻo ke ʻano o ka ikehu o ka mana hana o ka ʻoihana alumini electrolytic e hana i kekahi mau hoʻoponopono i ka wā e hiki mai ana, ʻoi aku ma hope o ka hoʻolālā ʻana o ka alumini electrolytic i hoʻolālā ʻia. Hoʻokomo piha ʻia ka mana ma ka ʻāina ʻo Yunnan, e hoʻonui nui ʻia ka nui o ka ikehu maʻemaʻe, mai 14% i 2019 a 24%.Me ka hoʻomaikaʻi holoʻokoʻa o ka ʻōnaehana ikehu kūloko, e hoʻomaikaʻi hou ʻia ka ʻōnaehana ikehu o ka ʻoihana alumini electrolytic.
2. E hoʻonāwaliwali mālie ka alumini mana wela
Ma lalo o ka hoʻokō ʻana o koʻu ʻāina i ka neutrality kalapona, e lilo ka mana wela "nāwaliwali" i mea maʻamau.Ma hope o ka hoʻokō ʻana i nā uku hoʻokuʻu kalapona a me nā hoʻoponopono koʻikoʻi, hiki ke hoʻonāwaliwali ʻia nā pono o nā mea mana ponoʻī.
No ka hoʻohālikelike maikaʻi ʻana i ka ʻokoʻa kumu kūʻai i hoʻoiho ʻia e nā kalapona kalapona, ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo nā kumukūʻai o nā mea hana ʻē aʻe e like me nā anodes mua i hoʻomoʻa ʻia a me ka fluoride aluminika ua like ia, a ʻo ke kumu kūʻai kālepa kalapona he 50 yuan/ton.Hoʻohana ʻia ka mana wela a me ka hydropower e hana i 1 ton o ka alumini electrolytic.ʻO ka ʻokoʻa kalapona kalapona o ka loulou he 11.2 tons, a ʻo ka ʻokoʻa kumu kūʻai kalapona ma waena o lāua ʻelua he 560 yuan/ton.
I kēia mau lā, me ka piʻi ʻana o nā kumukūʻai lanahu kūloko, ʻo ka awelika kumu kūʻai uila o nā mea kanu i hoʻolako ponoʻī ʻia he 0.305 yuan/kWh, a ʻo ke kumu kūʻai o ka hydropower home he 0.29 yuan/kWh wale nō.He 763 yuan ka nui o ke kumu kūʻai o ka alumini no kēlā me kēia tona o nā mea kanu mana i hoʻolako ʻia ma mua o ka hydropower.Ma lalo o ka mana o ke kumukūʻai kiʻekiʻe, ʻo ka hapa nui o nā papahana alumini electrolytic hou o koʻu ʻāina aia ma nā wahi waiwai wai wai ma ka ʻaoʻao hema hema, a e ʻike mālie ʻia ka alumini mana wela i ka wā e hiki mai ana.
3. ʻOi aku ka maopopo o nā pono o ka alumini hydropower
ʻO ka Hydropower ke kumu kūʻai haʻahaʻa ʻole o ka ikehu fossil ma koʻu ʻāina, akā ua kaupalena ʻia kona hiki ke hoʻomohala.I ka makahiki 2020, hiki i ka 370 miliona kilowatts ka nui o ka hydropower i hoʻokomo ʻia, e helu ana no 16.8% o ka nui o ka nui o ka mana o nā mea hana mana, a ʻo ia ka lua o ka nui o ka ikehu maʻamau ma hope o ka lanahu.Eia nō naʻe, aia kahi "ceiling" i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka hydropower.Wahi a nā hualoaʻa loiloi o nā kumuwaiwai hydropower aupuni, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka hoʻomohala hydropower o koʻu ʻāina ma mua o 700 miliona kilowatts, a ua kaupalena ʻia ka wahi hoʻomohala e hiki mai ana.ʻOiai hiki i ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka hydropower ke hoʻonui i ka nui o ka ikehu non-fossil i kekahi ʻano, ʻo ka hoʻomohala nui o ka hydropower i kaupalena ʻia e nā haʻawina waiwai.
I kēia manawa, ʻo ke kūlana o ka hydropower i kēia manawa ma koʻu ʻāina, ua pani ʻia nā pāhana wai wai liʻiliʻi, a paʻakikī ke hoʻohui ʻia nā papahana hydropower nui.ʻO ka mana hana hydropower o ka alumini electrolytic e lilo i kumu kūʻai kūlohelohe.Ma ka moku ʻo Sichuan wale nō, aia he 968 mau wahi mana wai liʻiliʻi e hoʻihoʻi ʻia a pani ʻia, 4,705 mau kikowaena wai wai liʻiliʻi e pono e hoʻoponopono ʻia a hoʻihoʻi ʻia, 41 mau kikowaena wai liʻiliʻi i pani ʻia ma Quanzhou City, Fujian Province, a ua pani ʻia he 19 mau kikowaena wai liʻiliʻi. ma Fangxian County, Shiyan City, Hubei Province.ʻO nā hale wai wai a me Xiʻan, Shaanxi i pani i 36 liʻiliʻi hydropower stations, etc. Wahi a nā helu helu ʻole, ʻoi aku ma mua o 7,000 mau wahi wai wai liʻiliʻi e pani ʻia i ka hopena o 2022. ʻO ke kūkulu ʻana i nā kikowaena hydropower nui e pono ai ka hoʻonoho ʻana, ke kūkulu ʻia. He lōʻihi ka manawa, a he paʻakikī ke kūkulu ʻana i kahi manawa pōkole.
4. ʻO ka alumini recycled e lilo i alakaʻi hoʻomohala e hiki mai ana
ʻO ka hana alumini electrolytic he 5 mau pae: ka mining bauxite, ka hana alumina, ka hoʻomākaukau anode, ka hana alumini electrolytic a me ka hoʻolei ʻana i ka alumini.ʻO ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ikehu o kēlā me kēia pae: 1%, 21%, 2%, 74%.a me 2%.ʻO ka hana ʻana o ka alumini lua he 3 mau pae: pretreatment, smelting a me ka lawe ʻana.ʻO ka hoʻohana ikehu o kēlā me kēia pae he 56%, 24% a me 20%.
Wahi a nā kuhi, ʻo ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ikehu o ka hana ʻana i 1 ton o ka alumini recycled he 3% a i ka 5% wale nō o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ikehu o ka alumini electrolytic.Hiki iā ia ke hōʻemi i ka mālama ʻana i ka ʻōpala paʻa, ka wai ʻōpala a me ke koena o ka ʻōpala, a ʻo ka hana ʻana o ka alumini recycle i loaʻa nā pōmaikaʻi o ka mālama ʻana i ka ikehu a me ka hōʻemi ʻana.Eia kekahi, ma muli o ka ikaika o ka corrosion o ka alumini, koe wale no kekahi mau pahu kemika a me nā mea hana i hana ʻia me ka alumini, ʻaʻole ʻino ʻia ka alumini i ka wā o ka hoʻohana ʻana, me ka liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi, a hiki ke hana hou ʻia i nā manawa he nui.No laila, hiki ke hoʻohana hou ʻia ka alumini, a ʻo ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka alumini ʻōpala e hana ai i nā alumini alumini he mau pono waiwai nui ma mua o ka alumini electrolytic.
I ka wā e hiki mai ana, me ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka maʻemaʻe a me nā waiwai mechanical o recycled aluminum alloy ingots a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka ʻenehana hoʻolei ʻana, e komo mālie ka noi o ka alumini recycled i loko o ke kūkulu ʻana, kamaʻilio, uila a me nā ʻoihana hoʻopili, a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka alumini recycled i loko. e hoʻonui pū ana ka ʻoihana kaʻa..
Loaʻa i ka ʻoihana alumini lua nā hiʻohiʻona o ka mālama ʻana i nā kumuwaiwai, e hōʻemi ana i ka hilinaʻi o waho i nā kumu alumini, ka palekana o ke kaiapuni a me nā pono waiwai.ʻO ka hoʻomohala olakino o ka ʻoihana alumini lua, me ka waiwai waiwai nui, ka pilikanaka a me ke kaiapuni, ua paipai ʻia a kākoʻo nui ʻia e nā kulekele aupuni, a e lilo ia i mea lanakila nui loa i ka pōʻaiapili o ka neutrality carbon.
Hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka alumini electrolytic, mālama nui ka hana alumini lua i ka ʻāina, nā kumuwaiwai hydropower, paipai ʻia e nā kulekele aupuni, a hāʻawi pū i nā manawa hoʻomohala.ʻO ke kaʻina hana o ka alumini electrolytic he nui ka ikehu.Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka hana ʻana o ka nui like o ka alumini electrolytic, ʻo ka hana ʻana o 1 ton o ka alumini recycled e like me ka mālama ʻana i 3.4 tons o ka lanahu maʻamau, 14 cubic mika wai, a me 20 tons o nā ʻōpala paʻa.
Aia ka ʻoihana alumini lua i ka ʻāpana o nā kumuwaiwai hou a me ka hoʻokele waiwai pōʻai, a ua helu ʻia ma ke ʻano he ʻoihana paipai ʻia, he mea kōkua i nā papahana hana ʻoihana e loaʻa i ke kākoʻo kulekele aupuni e pili ana i ka ʻae ʻana o ka papahana, ke kālā a me ka hoʻohana ʻāina.I ka manawa like, ua hoʻopuka ka moku'āina i nā kulekele kūpono no ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka mākeke, hoʻomaʻemaʻe i nā ʻoihana kūpono ʻole i ka ʻoihana alumini lua, a hoʻoneʻe i ka mana hana hope i ka ʻoihana, e hoʻomaʻemaʻe i ke ala no ka hoʻomohala olakino o ka ʻoihana alumini lua.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Iulai-21-2022